F. B. Lepira1*, T. K. Mukendi1, F. I. N. Mbutiwi1, J. R. Makulo1, E. K. Sumaili1,P. K. Kayembe2, N. M. Nseka1
1Division of Nephrology, University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
2Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Abstract
Objective:
To assess the relationship between SCT, hemoglobin levels and anemia in CKD black pa-
tients. Method: A post–hoc analysis of data from 188 patients, enrolled in a cross-sectional study of
sickle cell trait (SCT) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), was performed to assess the relationship
between SCT, hemoglobin (Hb) levels and anemia defined as Hb < 12 g/dl in men and <11 g/dl in
women. Student t test, Mann Whitney and Chi square test were used as appropriate for different
comparisons. P < 0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: SCT (HbAS) and normal
hemoglobin (HbAA) were present in 39 (21%) and 149 (79%) CKD patients, respectively. Despite
similar estimated GFR (eGFR) and age, HbAS patients had significantly lower Hb levels (8.8 ± 1.8 vs
10 ± 2.2 g/dl; p = 0.001) and a higher proportion of anemia (95% vs 72%, p = 0.001). In multiple
linear regression analysis, eGFR, BMI, SBP and SCT emerged as independent determinants of Hb
levels. The presence of SCT was associated with 1.185 g/dl decrease in Hb levels.Conclusion: In
the present case series, SCT was associated with lower Hb levels suggesting its potential contribu-
tion to the pathogenesis of CKD–associated anemia.
Keywords
Anemia, Sickle Cell Trait, Chronic Kidney Disease, Black Africans
